Summary
As new regulations emerge to address deforestation and unsustainable land use, their interaction with existing national frame-works remains uncertain. This study examines the (in)coherence between the European Union Regulation on deforestation-free products (EUDR) and domestic deforestation and land use regulations in Brazil, Cameroon and Gabon. Using a regulationinteraction coherence framework, we analyse policy documents and expert interviews. While overarching goals align in re-ducing deforestation, specific objectives reveal competitive dynamics based on national interests and whether the regulation istrade-restricting or market-facilitating. Incoherence arises in regulatory scope, deforestation-free requirements, cut-off dates,and the EUDR's partial recognition of existing standards. The legality requirement is largely coherent, offering a potential pointfor policy alignment. Enforcement mechanisms show mixed coherence, as regulations employ similar tools but differ in theirsanction-based versus voluntary compliance nature and third-party monitoring. The EUDR's implementation may generate bothsynergies (e.g., compliance facilitation, shared monitoring tools) and conflicts (e.g., sovereignty concerns, regulatory costs, del-egitimisation). These findings are critical for assessing the EUDR's effectiveness in reducing global deforestation. We argue thattransnational regulations should foster synergy with national frameworks to enhance impact and prevent unintended regulatoryfragmentation. Empirically, our study provides insights for designing transnationally coordinated socio- environmental policies.Theoretically, it advances research on policy coherence and public-private regulatory interaction. Future research should con-duct ex-post impact assessments to evaluate the real-world implications of EUDR implementation.