Summary
Large areas of forest are allocated to commercial logging concessions, some ofwhich are eco-certified. Theoretically, both holding concessions' rights to logand being eco-certified can increase or decrease forest loss. Impact estimatesare sparse and unsurprisingly mixed for these interventions (that aim to affectforest outcomes, if not always for conservation). We ask if adding different for-est sensors, forest outcomes, and variations in forest contexts sheds new lightupon the forest impacts of uncertified concessions and eco-certifications. Usingnew global data, which include forest degradation, we estimate the forestimpacts of these interventions within the Peruvian Amazon, disaggregatingacross timber regions to allow for heterogeneity in impacts across distinct con-texts. Our results confirm that, when averaging across the regions, uncertifiedlogging concessions do not increase deforestation (relative to unintervened for-est), consistent with previous findings. Yet, separating regions adds insight forpolicy and external validity: uncertified concessions yield larger reductions indeforestation rates within the more highly pressured of these three core log-ging regions. Degradation data provide further insights: uncertified conces-sions did not shift transitions from forest to degraded status, yet reducedtransitions from degraded status to deforested. Eco-certifications did notreduce deforestation or degradation across contexts or outcomes.