Summary
Researchers compared three rice management regimes: GlobalGAP, "Small Farmer Large Field" (SFLF), and conventional to assess the economic and environmental sustainability of these methods. They found that farmers implementing GAP and SFLF methods were more sustainable than conventional farmers in terms of fertilizer use, while maintaining yield and labor productivity. The research suggests that farmers implementing GAP and SFLF methods could lower their pesticide application rates to improve overall sustainability.