摘要
Prior research analyzes the economic effects of Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS)—such as Fairtrade, Organic, and GlobalGAP—but little is known about the stability of these effects over time. Using a nationally representative farm survey of Peru (2015–2019), this study analyzes whether VSS certification is associated with reduced inter-annual price and yield volatility. Applying pooled OLS, matching, and internal instruments, we find that certification is associated with 27% lower price volatility and 17% lower yield volatility, particularly benefiting family farms, translating into an 81% reduction in their net farm revenue volatility. The results highlight VSS' potential to enhance revenue stability.