摘要
This study examines forest certification in southern Norway, comparing biodiversity measures in a random sample of forest units cut before the introduction of forest certification in 1998 with a random sample of forest units cut after this date. The mixed findings show an increasing number of green retention trees and increasing width of buffer-strips in the post-certification units compared to precertification units, however little improvement was seen in small swamp forest management and off-road transport damage to terrain.